
The United States has ordered a warship to take up position off the coast of Lebanon in a show of support for the country's embattled government.
Read here on the two main historical precedents.
In 1958, the US intervened to bolster the pro-Western Lebanese government of President Camille Chamoun against internal opposition.
In 1982, US forces entered Lebanon as part of a Multinational force:
"to provide appropriate assistance to the Lebanese Armed Forces as they carry out" responsibilities for the safe evacuation of the departing PLO, the safety "of the persons in the area" (generally interpreted to mean the Palestinian non-combatants remaining in Beirut), and to "further the restoration of the sovereignty and authority of the Government of Lebanon over the Beirut area." With regard to the safety of Palestinian non-combatants, the agreement stated that "The Governments of Lebanon and the United States will provide appropriate guarantees of safety. . . . "(emphasis added). In reality, the agreement was a vague and open-ended mandate for committing American military personnel.
A summary of the events of 1982 in Lebanon and a timeline on the side on this site. (The problem with the timeline is that it says when the French and the US troops were targeted by a suicide bombing but it doesn't tell when the troops entered Lebanon).
During the autumn of 1982, the presence of the Marines in Beirut began to take on an additional meaning which was never publicly acknowledged. The Marines became a bargaining chip in the complex international maneuvering that the United States was fostering. There were active negotiations among the United States, Israel, and Lebanon over the withdrawal of Israeli forces and the terms of a possible treaty between Lebanon and Israel. The presence of the Marines provided leverage in putting pressure on the Government of Lebanon to accede to Israeli demands. The presence implied some measure of protection for the Lebanese authorities against those Lebanese, Palestinians, and other Arabs who adamantly opposed any normalization between Lebanon and Israel.
I posted this Time Magazine cover from 1982 because this is the most salient feature associated in my memory with the events of 1982 in Lebanon. In 1958 I was barely born to remember. But those who slaughtered Palestinian civilians in 1982 are still around. They are the US staunchest allies in Lebanon, they are part of March 14th, the movement that is behind the present Lebanese pro-US government. The Palestinians are now gone, militarily speaking, from Lebanon, replaced by another resistance to Israel, Hezbollah and its allies. However, the slaughtering of civilians will continue, and the target this time - beside the Palestinians, always an easy target for Israel and its US ally - are Hezbollah, the Shias, and the Christians opposed to March 14th, as well as the civilians and the infrastructure around. It doesn't matter to the US that the Lebanese opposition is legitimate and enjoys the support of the majority of Lebanese. What matters for them is Israel and its clients in the country, March 14th and its illegitimate, ill elected, weak, unpopular, and amputated government. Oh yes, a show of force for the Lebanese people in order to send the message that whatever their will, if it doesn't match USrael's will, then it is not acceptable. And it is wishful thinking if the US thinks that the Lebanese people will adore this exhibition of military force...
Read here an hour by hour account from the US army of the first US Marines' landing in Beirut in 1982. At the end of the chapter you will find a link to the following chapter, and so on, all related to the presence of the US Marines in Beirut until their departure. Of particular interest is chapter 7 relating the investigation into the bombing of the US Marines in Beirut and its conclusions.
This post is mentioned by Raed Rafei in his blog's round-up on the USS cole's move, in the LA Times blogs.
Read here, in French, Lebanese blogger Frenchy, with his usual humor, commenting on the event.



