You know that a Lebanese militia leader is seriously loosing ground when he apologizes for past wartime 'mistakes', understand war crimes. Gea'gea' is now using a carrot to get back some of his christian followers, after having used a bloody stick.
And if you read carefully, Gea'gea', a member of parliament, believes that political and militia leaders' actions should be judged by God, and not by the people. Beside the absurdity of this claim by an elected politician, what's then the point of apologizing to the people ?
After Jumblatt's public declarations this is another sign of the faltering of the March 14th coalition, and with it the neocon doctrine in Lebanon.
Showing posts with label Lebanon's Civil Wars. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lebanon's Civil Wars. Show all posts
28.2.08
USS Cole dispatched to the Lebanese Coast and US military involvement in Lebanon
The United States has ordered a warship to take up position off the coast of Lebanon in a show of support for the country's embattled government.
Read here on the two main historical precedents.
In 1958, the US intervened to bolster the pro-Western Lebanese government of President Camille Chamoun against internal opposition.
In 1982, US forces entered Lebanon as part of a Multinational force:
"to provide appropriate assistance to the Lebanese Armed Forces as they carry out" responsibilities for the safe evacuation of the departing PLO, the safety "of the persons in the area" (generally interpreted to mean the Palestinian non-combatants remaining in Beirut), and to "further the restoration of the sovereignty and authority of the Government of Lebanon over the Beirut area." With regard to the safety of Palestinian non-combatants, the agreement stated that "The Governments of Lebanon and the United States will provide appropriate guarantees of safety. . . . "(emphasis added). In reality, the agreement was a vague and open-ended mandate for committing American military personnel.
A summary of the events of 1982 in Lebanon and a timeline on the side on this site. (The problem with the timeline is that it says when the French and the US troops were targeted by a suicide bombing but it doesn't tell when the troops entered Lebanon).
During the autumn of 1982, the presence of the Marines in Beirut began to take on an additional meaning which was never publicly acknowledged. The Marines became a bargaining chip in the complex international maneuvering that the United States was fostering. There were active negotiations among the United States, Israel, and Lebanon over the withdrawal of Israeli forces and the terms of a possible treaty between Lebanon and Israel. The presence of the Marines provided leverage in putting pressure on the Government of Lebanon to accede to Israeli demands. The presence implied some measure of protection for the Lebanese authorities against those Lebanese, Palestinians, and other Arabs who adamantly opposed any normalization between Lebanon and Israel.
I posted this Time Magazine cover from 1982 because this is the most salient feature associated in my memory with the events of 1982 in Lebanon. In 1958 I was barely born to remember. But those who slaughtered Palestinian civilians in 1982 are still around. They are the US staunchest allies in Lebanon, they are part of March 14th, the movement that is behind the present Lebanese pro-US government. The Palestinians are now gone, militarily speaking, from Lebanon, replaced by another resistance to Israel, Hezbollah and its allies. However, the slaughtering of civilians will continue, and the target this time - beside the Palestinians, always an easy target for Israel and its US ally - are Hezbollah, the Shias, and the Christians opposed to March 14th, as well as the civilians and the infrastructure around. It doesn't matter to the US that the Lebanese opposition is legitimate and enjoys the support of the majority of Lebanese. What matters for them is Israel and its clients in the country, March 14th and its illegitimate, ill elected, weak, unpopular, and amputated government. Oh yes, a show of force for the Lebanese people in order to send the message that whatever their will, if it doesn't match USrael's will, then it is not acceptable. And it is wishful thinking if the US thinks that the Lebanese people will adore this exhibition of military force...
Read here an hour by hour account from the US army of the first US Marines' landing in Beirut in 1982. At the end of the chapter you will find a link to the following chapter, and so on, all related to the presence of the US Marines in Beirut until their departure. Of particular interest is chapter 7 relating the investigation into the bombing of the US Marines in Beirut and its conclusions.
This post is mentioned by Raed Rafei in his blog's round-up on the USS cole's move, in the LA Times blogs.
Read here, in French, Lebanese blogger Frenchy, with his usual humor, commenting on the event.
20.11.07
Painful Lebanese Memories:Part One
I am not posting on Lebanon these days. That's because I have been immersed for the last two weeks in my memories from the civil war while answering my son's questions for a college work he is doing for his French professor on Lebanon.
This is the first time I share the painful memories of the civil war years in Lebanon with my family in such vivid details. My son wanted me to tell him the war from my perspective and intimate experience. While doing so, he and I came to realise that my first intimate experience of the Lebanese civil war was in fact the result of a little war inside my own diverse Christian community. I discovered through the process that the 1975-1990 civil war was in fact an ensemble of small wars conducted at a small and therefore much horrible, because much closer, scale, inside communities, to erase diversity and differences within the community and to radicalise positions. For the people like me, who were against the war and lived it as a terror imposed upon them by extremists from both sides, it was these little wars, all embedded in the big official war, that mattered most. I came to realise this when my son started to ask questions about the 'other war', the war he read about in the books, the war between Muslism and Christians, because my narrative was that of a war inside a small Christian community in north Lebanon.
1975. I was seventeen when the war started in my little village, I had just graduated from college and was looking forward to start university. A small detachment of the presidential guard, as many others from the Lebanese army, was released from its official duty. The president felt at the time that he would be better protected by his own militia. The head of the presidential guard came to the village with some of the guards, their weapons and tanks. They quickly allied with the local Phalanges - executioners with Sharon of the sabra and Chatila massacres, part of present day Lebanese Forces, Israel's long time friends, and March 14th main allies - who were ill equipped locally at the time, in order to fight, not Muslims, no, but progressists and pro-Palestinian forces, mainly Greek orthodox Christians, in the nearby village. The first move was a public display of the weapons in the main place in my village, and a clear message of hostility toward the neighbouring community traditionally allied to Palestinians and the Syrian Progressist Nationalist Party. The main road to our village crosses the other one. So the first effect of such hostilities was a self imposed blockade. My mother and other women in the village started to make their own bread and there was even a time when flour was scarce in the village. The community was cut from the outside world and the militia reigned in. They ruled by terrorising and killing non compliant people, unlawfully imprisoning and torturing, until they got a total control on the village occupying the houses of the people who left, enrolling young people without proper training, and imposing a local tax on villagers.
I told my son that before this there was political and ideological diversity in my village, even sometimes in the same family. After the milita took over, nobody would dare express a different political opinion. The main thinking was that Muslims fighting with Palestinians and Palestinians and their sympathisers were subhumans and deserved just to be killed. I guess it must have been the same thinking on the other side of the larger divide. My father imposed a curfew in our own house. He was afraid that my two young brothers would be enrolled in the militia. He told us not to open the door to anybody when he wasn't in the house. He made me burn my books, some of them, he suspected, could be used against him and my brothers, who were younger than me, for expressing dissenting political opinions. He told me that if there was retaliation against us, who were known as, at best, neutral, at worst, sympathisers of political progress and against the civil war, it will be against the men of the family. 'Women for them', my father told me, 'are not a worthy target'.
Because at the beginning of the war, and especially in small places in Lebanon, the weaponry used was the looted old weaponry of the Lebanese army, the first impact of the war on my village was a bomb from a small caliber canon making a lot of noise and a hole in one of the village's roads. I remember the night the first bomb fell on the village. I was reading, at three O'clock in the morning, a book found in my father's library, which was probably forbidden for me, 'Lady Chatterley', in its French translation. It was quite a strong escape from the anxieties of the looming war for the seventeen year old I was. I remember my mother waking up screaming, rushing us to the bathroom to hide us there. Retrospectively, this was a dangerous place to hide in but there was nowhere we could hide. The village's houses were mostly made of one floor, no upper floor and no basement to protect from falling bombs. We would later find a safe place in my grand'parents ancestral and Ottoman era house with its meter thick walls and upper floor adorned with Qanatir. We stayed there for a while until my father decided that things were getting very ugly between people inside the village. We were to leave the village for a more civilised place. This is when my father sent us, me with my mother and my brothers, to another war area, Jounieh, to my aunt's house there. He said that we wouldn't be safe from bombs but at least, as nobody knows us there, we would be safe from psychological terror. He stayed behind in the village, to guard the house and to 'offer his services to the militia', as he said, as they have asked each family to contribute with human resources to the war effort. My father told us not to be afraid, he said that if my brothers could escape forced enrolement at their young age he was saving their souls. As for him, he was old enough not to be fooled by the ideology of terror. I remember that we stayed three months at my aunt's. My father came to visit once. We missed him.
As the Phalanges took over the village and the nearby village, tensions eased inside our village. But there was fear and mourning. Many people had left. Many wouldn't speak to each other. Many were denounced by their long time neigbours and friends. Many were killed in personal vendetta, and some disappeared without explanation (I suspect they were killed and their bodies hidden from their families somewhere).
We returned from Jounieh. I remember this precise day. I was eager to see my village again but as we crossed the nearby village that was conquered, I saw desolation, empty roads and half bodies burning on the sides. My mother had to put her hands before my eyes. There weren't many material casualties in my own village, but the damage was elsewhere. It was inside the hearts and the minds. And it was there to stay forever. I knew inside that our future and my brothers' future wasn't going to be in this country.
I think the only movie that describes best my war experience in lebanon is 'Les petites guerres' of the late Lebanese filmmaker Maroun Baghdadi. I saw the movie when it was released in France after I left Lebanon. But my own experience was much worse. This was a civil war that happened inside a small isolated community. This experience was to define me for life.
This is the first time I share the painful memories of the civil war years in Lebanon with my family in such vivid details. My son wanted me to tell him the war from my perspective and intimate experience. While doing so, he and I came to realise that my first intimate experience of the Lebanese civil war was in fact the result of a little war inside my own diverse Christian community. I discovered through the process that the 1975-1990 civil war was in fact an ensemble of small wars conducted at a small and therefore much horrible, because much closer, scale, inside communities, to erase diversity and differences within the community and to radicalise positions. For the people like me, who were against the war and lived it as a terror imposed upon them by extremists from both sides, it was these little wars, all embedded in the big official war, that mattered most. I came to realise this when my son started to ask questions about the 'other war', the war he read about in the books, the war between Muslism and Christians, because my narrative was that of a war inside a small Christian community in north Lebanon.
1975. I was seventeen when the war started in my little village, I had just graduated from college and was looking forward to start university. A small detachment of the presidential guard, as many others from the Lebanese army, was released from its official duty. The president felt at the time that he would be better protected by his own militia. The head of the presidential guard came to the village with some of the guards, their weapons and tanks. They quickly allied with the local Phalanges - executioners with Sharon of the sabra and Chatila massacres, part of present day Lebanese Forces, Israel's long time friends, and March 14th main allies - who were ill equipped locally at the time, in order to fight, not Muslims, no, but progressists and pro-Palestinian forces, mainly Greek orthodox Christians, in the nearby village. The first move was a public display of the weapons in the main place in my village, and a clear message of hostility toward the neighbouring community traditionally allied to Palestinians and the Syrian Progressist Nationalist Party. The main road to our village crosses the other one. So the first effect of such hostilities was a self imposed blockade. My mother and other women in the village started to make their own bread and there was even a time when flour was scarce in the village. The community was cut from the outside world and the militia reigned in. They ruled by terrorising and killing non compliant people, unlawfully imprisoning and torturing, until they got a total control on the village occupying the houses of the people who left, enrolling young people without proper training, and imposing a local tax on villagers.
I told my son that before this there was political and ideological diversity in my village, even sometimes in the same family. After the milita took over, nobody would dare express a different political opinion. The main thinking was that Muslims fighting with Palestinians and Palestinians and their sympathisers were subhumans and deserved just to be killed. I guess it must have been the same thinking on the other side of the larger divide. My father imposed a curfew in our own house. He was afraid that my two young brothers would be enrolled in the militia. He told us not to open the door to anybody when he wasn't in the house. He made me burn my books, some of them, he suspected, could be used against him and my brothers, who were younger than me, for expressing dissenting political opinions. He told me that if there was retaliation against us, who were known as, at best, neutral, at worst, sympathisers of political progress and against the civil war, it will be against the men of the family. 'Women for them', my father told me, 'are not a worthy target'.
Because at the beginning of the war, and especially in small places in Lebanon, the weaponry used was the looted old weaponry of the Lebanese army, the first impact of the war on my village was a bomb from a small caliber canon making a lot of noise and a hole in one of the village's roads. I remember the night the first bomb fell on the village. I was reading, at three O'clock in the morning, a book found in my father's library, which was probably forbidden for me, 'Lady Chatterley', in its French translation. It was quite a strong escape from the anxieties of the looming war for the seventeen year old I was. I remember my mother waking up screaming, rushing us to the bathroom to hide us there. Retrospectively, this was a dangerous place to hide in but there was nowhere we could hide. The village's houses were mostly made of one floor, no upper floor and no basement to protect from falling bombs. We would later find a safe place in my grand'parents ancestral and Ottoman era house with its meter thick walls and upper floor adorned with Qanatir. We stayed there for a while until my father decided that things were getting very ugly between people inside the village. We were to leave the village for a more civilised place. This is when my father sent us, me with my mother and my brothers, to another war area, Jounieh, to my aunt's house there. He said that we wouldn't be safe from bombs but at least, as nobody knows us there, we would be safe from psychological terror. He stayed behind in the village, to guard the house and to 'offer his services to the militia', as he said, as they have asked each family to contribute with human resources to the war effort. My father told us not to be afraid, he said that if my brothers could escape forced enrolement at their young age he was saving their souls. As for him, he was old enough not to be fooled by the ideology of terror. I remember that we stayed three months at my aunt's. My father came to visit once. We missed him.
As the Phalanges took over the village and the nearby village, tensions eased inside our village. But there was fear and mourning. Many people had left. Many wouldn't speak to each other. Many were denounced by their long time neigbours and friends. Many were killed in personal vendetta, and some disappeared without explanation (I suspect they were killed and their bodies hidden from their families somewhere).
We returned from Jounieh. I remember this precise day. I was eager to see my village again but as we crossed the nearby village that was conquered, I saw desolation, empty roads and half bodies burning on the sides. My mother had to put her hands before my eyes. There weren't many material casualties in my own village, but the damage was elsewhere. It was inside the hearts and the minds. And it was there to stay forever. I knew inside that our future and my brothers' future wasn't going to be in this country.
I think the only movie that describes best my war experience in lebanon is 'Les petites guerres' of the late Lebanese filmmaker Maroun Baghdadi. I saw the movie when it was released in France after I left Lebanon. But my own experience was much worse. This was a civil war that happened inside a small isolated community. This experience was to define me for life.
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Since March 29th 2006